I. Write the correct option of the following question in given bracket:
Question 1.
__________ wrote the famous Sorath by the name of “Chetavnira Chungatya” :
(a) Kesari Singh Barhath
(b) Aijun lal Sethi
(c) Jorawar Singh Barhath
(d) Rao Gopal Singh Kharwa
Answer:
(a) Kesari Singh Barhath
Question 2.
The taxes collected from the people of Bijoliya in the times of Rao Sawai Krishna Singh were of:
(a) 48 types
(b) 84 types
(c) 88 types
(d) 44 types
Answer:
(b) 84 types
II. Match the following
Question 1.
| Column ‘A’ | Column ‘B’ |
| 1. Marwar Praja Mandal | (a) ManikyaLal Verma |
| 2. Mewar Praja Mandal | (b) Pandit Abhinna Hari |
| 3. Jaipur Praja Mandal | (c) Jamnalal Bajaj |
| 4. Bikaner Praja Mandal | (d) Jay Narayan Vyas |
| 5. Kota Praja Mandal | (e) Madharam Vaid |
Answer:
| Column ‘A’ | Column ‘B’ |
| 1. Marwar Praja Mandal | (d) Jay Narayan Vyas |
| 2. Mewar Praja Mandal | (a) ManikyaLal Verma |
| 3. Jaipur Praja Mandal | (c) Jamnalal Bajaj |
| 4. Bikaner Praja Mandal | (e) Madharam Vaid |
| 5. Kota Praja Mandal | (d) Jay Narayan Vyas |
III. Fill in the blanks
Question 1.
The Bhagat Andolan was started by __________
Answer:
Govind Guru
Question 2.
__________ established the Rajasthan Seva Sangh in Wardha in 1919.
Answer:
Vijay Singh Pathik.
IV. Very Short Answer Type Questions
Question 1.
Write names of any three peasant movements.
Answer:
Three peasant movements are:
Question 2.
By whose ideology Govind Guru was influenced?
Answer:
He was greatly influenced by the ideas of Dayanand Saraswati.
V. Short Answer Type Questions
Question 1.
Write a brief note on the Bijolia Peasant movement.
Answer:
Bijolia Peasant Movement :
This movement was started by the farmers of the Dhakad caste. It was carried on for 44 years and was campletely non-violent.
This movement was divided into three stage:
During the rule of Rao Krishna Singh, 84 types of taxes were collected from the people of Bijoliya. After that the “Chanwari tax” was imposed on the public. After the protest of the farmers the chanwari tax was waived and exemption was given in the revenue. Further, Prithvi Singh, levied the sword typing (Talwar Bandi) tax on the poeple. The farmers continued the movement under the leadership of Pathik and got the support of Manikya Lai Verma. Jamna lal Bajaj led the third phase of the movement. The movement ended after a long struggle and settled down things with the farmers and returned their land.
Question 2.
What do you understand by Praja Mandal? Write their names.
Answer:
The meaning of Praja Mandal is the board of the people or association of people. The Praja Mandal played a vital role in Rajasthan. The public was given the responsibility of conducting the mass movement and Praja Mandals were formed in the different princely states of Rajasthan:
(Other Important Questions)
Multiple Choice Questions
Question 1.
For how many years did the Bijolia Farmer Movement last ?
(a) 11
(b) 22
(c) 33
(d) 44
Answer:
Question 2.
Who led the Begue Peasant Movement ?
(a) Jamnalal Bajaj
(b) Vijay Singh Pathik
(c) Ramnarayan Chaudhari
(d) Pandit Nenu Ram
Answer:
(c) Ramnarayan Chaudhari
Question 3.
When was the Marwar Praja Mandal established ?
(a) In 1934
(b) In 1936
(c) In 1938
(d) In 1939
Answer:
(a) In 1934
Question 4.
When did Seth Damodar Das Rathi lay the foundation of Arya Samaj in Beawar ?
(a) In 1920
(b) In 1921
(c) In 1935
(d) In 1947
Answer:
Fill in the blanks
Question 1.
When the independence movement was going on in the country, ______________ was not left unaffected to it.
Answer:
Rajasthan
Question 2.
In medieval period, relations between the ______________ and ______________ were good in Rajasthan.
Answer:
Jagiradar, farmers
Question 3.
In the state of Alwar, ______________ caused damage to the crops of the farmers.
Answer:
wild boars
Question 4.
Thakur Kalyan Singh increased the ______________ for the expenditure incurred on the death of the former Thakur.
Answer:
revenue
Very Short Answer Type Questions
Question 1.
Explain the role of Praja Mandal.
Answer:
Praja Mandals awakened the political consciousness of the people and later played an important role in the integration of Rajasthan.
Question 2.
In how many stages was the Bijolia Peasant Movement started ?
Answer:
This movement was divided into three stages: First stage (1897 to 1914), second stage (1914 to 1923) and the third stage (1923 to 1941).
Question 3.
Where was Govind Guru born ?
Answer:
Govind guru was born in Dungarpur state in an ordinary Gypsy family.
Question 4.
How many languages did Arjun Lai Sethi know ?
Answer:
He was a scholor of English, Persian, Sanskrit, Arabic and Pali.
Short Answer Type Questions
Question 1.
How did the freedom movement start in Rajasthan ?
Answer:
When the independence movement was going on in the country, Rajasthan was not left unaffected to it. The British had direct suzerainty over Ajmer in Rajasthan. The rest of Rajasthan was ruled by kings and emperors. So the form of struggle was a little different here. The British had started interfering in the work of local states, which changed the social warp and weft there. The farmers and tribes here raised their voice and struggled against this. Subsequently Praja Mandals (people’s board) were established in various princely states. Praja Mandals awakened the political consciousness of the people and later played an important role in the integration of Rajasthan.
Question 2.
Why did the peasant movements happen in Rajasthan ?
Answer:
In medieval period, relations between the Jagirdar (feudal lords) and farmers were good in Rajasthan. The jagirdar used to encourage the farmers to settle in their jagir (estate). But after the Subsidiary Alliance between the British and the kings the British started collecting taxes from the kings in cash. The kings collected this amount from the Jagirdar and in turn the Jagirdar collected it from the farmers. Along with the British, the king and the Jagirdars also fell into a life of luxury and put this burden on the farmers. To protest, distressed farmers started several movements.
Question 3.
Which great personalities gave their support during the Bjjolia Farmer movement ?
Answer:
This movement was started by the farmers of the Dhakad caste. The farmers’ representations, Naanji and Thakri Patel, complained about this, to the Maharana of Mewar and Sadhu Sitaram Das, Fateh Karan Charan and Brahmadev led the first phase. Vijay Singh Pathik led the second phase got the support of Manikya Lai Verma. Jamnalal Bajaj led the third phase of the movement. Women leaders like Anjana Devi Choudhary, Rama Devi and Narayani Devi Verma also contributed to this movement. After a long struggle of 44 years, the movement ended successfully.
Question 4.
What do you know about Samp Sabha ? Explain.
Answer:
Govind Guru established the Samp Sabha in 1883 to organize the tribals, whose first session was held in 1903. The followers of Govind Guru came to be called Bhagat, hence it is called Bhagat movement. Samp means solidarity, love and brotherhood. Trie main purpose of the assembly was social reform. His teachings were -Take bath daily, do yagya and havan, do not drink alcohol, do not eat meat, do not steal/robbery, raise families with farm labor, teach children, open •Schools for this, decide in panchayats, do not visit courts, do not force the Jagirdars or government officials, do not tolerate them unjustly, fight injustice, use Swadeshi etc.
Long Answer Type Questions
Question 1.
Explain the Major peasant movements of Rajasthan.
Answer:
In the past, the relations of farmers with the kings and Jagirdars of Rajasthan were better. But after the Subsidiary Alliance between the British and the kings, the British started collecting taxes from the kings in cash. The kings collected this amount from the Jagirdar and in turn the Jagirdar collected it from the farmers. They were forced for bonded labour.
To protest distressed farmer started movements, of which the following are the leading movements:
The Bijolia Movement: This organised Peasant Movement was started by the farmers of the Dhakad caste in Bijolia of Bhilwara. district. This movement was divided into three stages. First stage (1897 to 1914), 2nd stage (1914 to 1923) and the thirdstage (1923 to 1941).
Social leaders like Naanji, Thakri Patel, Sadhu Sitaram Das, Fateh Karan Char an, Brahmadev, Vijay Singh Pathik, Manikya Lai pathik, Seth Jamnalal Bajaj etc. played a strong role in this movement. Women leaders like Anj ana Devi Choudhary, Rama Devi and Narayani Devi Verma also contributed to this movement.
The Begue Peasant Movement Motivated by the success of Bijoliya movement, the farmers of the Begue Thikana (vassal territory) of Mewar also raised their voice against the atrocities of the Jagirdar. Ramnarayan Chaudhari led the fa mers on the order of Pathik. Leader like Rapa ji and Kripa ji Dhakad made thier movement successful by sacrificing themselves. In the end the government had to bow and 34 out of 53 taxes were abolished and forced labour (Begar) was banned.
Bundi Peasant Movement: In the year 1926 the farmers of Bundi, also started a protest movement against Laag-Baag and forced labour under the leadership of Pandit Nenu Ram, Ramnarayan Choudhary and Hari Bhai Kinkar. The peasants protested against the Laag Baag and forced labour. The police started firing at the gathered farmers, which led to the death of Nanak Bhil on the site. The movement ended when the state government of Bundi accepted the demands of the farmers in 1943.
Alwar Peasant Movement: The movement went on two stages for two reasons. Firstly, in the state of Alwar, Wild boars caused damage to the crops of the farmers. But they were forbidden to kill, so in 1921 the farmers started a movement, secondly, in 1925, the farmers organised a meeting in Neemuchana village against the increased revenue imposed by Alwar Maharaja Jai Singh. This house was shot indiscriminately like Jalianwala Bagh.
Sikar Peasant Movement: Sikar was the biggest Thikana of Jaipur state where the farmers opposed the increase in revenue. Sardar Harlal Singh, Netaram Singh and Prithvi Singh Gothra were prominent leaders associated with this movement. The peaceful demonstrations of the farmers led to the firing, which was discussed in the House of Commons in London. Finally, the Jagirdar had to convince the farmers and the revenue was also reduced.
The Shekhawati Peasant Movement: The Sekhawati farmers also protested against the arbitrary increase in the revenue. Master Kalicharan of Chirawa formed the Service committee (seva samiti). The farmers of Nawalgarh, Mandawa Dhundhlod, and Malasar clearly refused to pay the revenue. Thikanedar of Malasar, caused the brutal, beating of the farmers. A permanent solution was occured only after the independence.
Other Peasant Movement: In 1945, Thakur Chandrawal tried to crush the peasant movement with assault of sticks and spears. In the same way, in 1947, in Dabra, when around 600 farmers went to the Jagirdar to protest against revenue, laagbaag, and forced labour, he used rifles, Swords and spears causing many casualties.
Question 2.
What do you know about the tribal movement in Rajasthan ?
Answer:
Tribes like the Bhil, Meena and Garasiya have been living in Rajasthan since ancient time There is Bhil majority in South Rajasthan. While the Meena tribe is predominant in Jaipur. They were badly exploited during the British rule. Some social reformers and workers made aware them, in that period.
They started movements for their rights, which are as follows:
The Bhil Movement: Govind Guru played an important role in spreading the ideology of awareness among the Bhils. He established the “Samp Sabha” and awakened the Bhils, against paying unfair taxes and forced labour. In the year 1913, when there was a session of Samp Sabha being held on Mangadh hills, on full moon in the month of Ashwini, the British army surrounded the hill and started firing. Thousands of tribals died and were injured at the spot. Guru Gobind Singh was shot in the leg. The incident was widely condemned and considered to be equivalent to the Jallianwala Bagh massacre. Because the followers of Govind Guru were called Bhagat, therefore this movement was also called Bhagat movement.
Motilal Tejawat was the second Maseeha of the tribal castes. Tejawat called the farmers Andy tribes for struggle against begar (forced labour), lagaan (taxes) and other atrocities at matrikundiya in Chittorgarh. Unity was emphasized to give impetus to the movement, hence it is also called Eki Aandolan. Thousands of trible peoples gathered at Udaipur to impart speed to the movement. They gave the Maharana a letter containing 21 demanding point. This letter of demand is called the ‘Call of Me war’ (Mewar ki pukar). The Maharana instantly accepted 18 demands.
The credit of organising the Bhil tribe of Dewal, Dungarpur and Banswara also goes to Bhogilal Pandya and Haridev Joshi.
Meena Tribal Movement: One section of the Meena tribe was given the responsibility of maintaining peace by the British rule. This section of Meena used to guard and in return collected chauth (a kind of tax) from the village. These Meenas are called “Chaukidar Meena”. They were often held responsible for all the theft and robbery taking place in the state and when the stolen goods were not found, then the cost of the goods was recovered from the Meenas.
In 1924 the government bound the people of Meena tribe, above the age of 12, to give daily attendance in the nearby police station (Thana), under the Criminal Tribes Act. Discontentment spread among the Meena due to these reasons. Movements were launched to remove the prevalent evils in Meena society and to remove harsh laws like “Jarayam Pesha”. As a result of constant efforts the ‘Jarayam Pesha’ law ended after independence in 1952.
Question 3.
Throw light ojn the establishment of Praja Mandals in theMajor princely states of Rajasthan.
Answer:
Accordring to Pandit Jawahar lal Nehru, a movement can start in any place only when the people there are ready. Hence, the public was given the reposnsibility of conducting the mass movement and Praja Mandals were formed in the different princely states of Rajasthan as follows:
Question 4.
Introduce the prominent people leaders of Rajasthan and explain their role.
Answer:
The prominent people leaders of Rajasthan are as follows:
1. Govind Guru: Govind Guru was born in Dungarpur state in an ordinary Gypsy family. He was greatly influenced by Dayanand Saraswati. He established the Samp Sabha for the social upliftment. Through Samp Sabha, he made tribal development and social upliftment of the tribals. He tried to keep the tribals away from alcohol, meat, robbery, theft etc. He made the efforts of unifying the tribals living in the middle of the hills of Dungarpur, Banswara, South Mewar, Sirohi Gujarat and Malwa.
2. Arjun Lai Sethi: He was born in Jaipur. He was a scholar of English, Persian, Sanskrit, Arabic and Pali. He established the Vardhman School in Jaipur. In his school, there were arrangements to provide training to the revolutionaries, around the country. Along with religious education, Sri Sethi used to teach the lesson of country service and revolution to the students. The responsibility of organising an armed revolution, in Rajasthan, was entrusted to Sri Sethi.
3. Kesari Singh Barhath: He was born on 21 November, 1872. Kesari Singh Barhath was associated with the armed revolution in Rajasthan. Kesari Singh worked to get the active support of Jagirdars and the rich peoples, against British, in the independence struggle. He had deep influence over the royal house of Udaipur, Jodhpur and Bikaner. In order to warn the Maharana of Mewar, against the British rule, Kesari Singh Barhath wrote a famous Soratha (couplets in special metre) called “Chetawani ra Chungatya”.
4. Vjjay Singh Pathik: He was born in Bulandshahar district of Uttar Pradesh. The real name of Vijay Singh Pathik was Bhoop Singh Gurjar. He led the Bijoliya peasant movement with the name of Vijay Singh Pathik and also established the Rajasthan Seva Sangh in Wardha in 1919.
5. Seth Damodar Das Rathi: Damodar Das Rathi was born in Pokaran Marwar. He was inclined towards the “national issues, right from his childhood. He was an intimate friend of Rao Gopal Singh of Kharva. During the First World War Ras Bihari Bose and Raja Mahendra Pratap made plans for revolution all over the country and decided the date 21 February 1915 for the purpose. The responsibility of capturing the cantonment of Nasirabad, in Ajmer in Rajasthan, was given to Rao Gopal Singh of Kharwa and Bhoop Singh. The financial arrangements for this plan, were made Rathi. Rathi ji laid the foundation of Arya Samaj in Beawar in 1921.
6. Thakur Jorawar Singh Barhath: He was born on 12 September, 1883 in Udaipur. Thakur Jorawar Singh was also present with Ras Bihari Bose, who threw bomb on Lord Hardinge in Chandni Chowk.Thakur Zorawar Singh was the younger brother of Thakur Kesari Singh Barhath and paternal uncle of Amar Shahid Kunwar Pratap Singh. The Kota government and the Bihar government announced heavy rewards to capture him. After the incident of throwing of the bomb on Lord Hardinge, he remained underground for 27 years and died in 1939.
7. Kunwar Pratap Singh: He was born on 24 May, in Udaipur. He was the son of Kesari Singh Barhath. He participated in the revolutionary activities with Ras Bihar Bose. He was arrested by the police and was sent to the the Bareilly jail and tortured brutally. He was given temptations for giving information about his companions. But he did not tell about his friends. He became a victim of the inhuman torture of the British government and was martyred in the Bareilly jail.
8. Rao Gopal Singh Kharwa: He was born on 19 October, 1872 near Ajmer in Rajasthan. He was the administrator of kharwa state. He fully supported Vijay Singh Pathik during the armed revolution in Rajasthan. The plan failed because the British came to know about it. Vijay Singh Pathik and Rao Gopal Singh were house arrested in Targarh. They both went absconding from there after a few days. Gopal Singh was caught in Salimabad and sent to Tihar jail. After being released in 1920 he got involved with creative activities.
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