Our Rajasthan Class 8 Solutions Chapter 8 State Efforts for Public Awareness and Social Reform

Our Rajasthan Class 8 Textbook Solutions Chapter 8 State Efforts for Public Awareness and Social Reform

I. Write the correct answers to the following questions in brackets :

Question 1.
Rajasthan’s female literacy rate according to the year 2011 census is:
(a) 65.46 %
(b) 52.10%
(c) 55.12%
(d) 55.10%
Answer:
(b) 52.10%

Question 2.
The father of the Bhoodan Movement is
(a) Mahatma Gandhi
(b) Hiralal Shastri
(c) Vinoba Bhave
(d) Jawaharlai Nehru
Answer:
(c) Vinoba Bhave

II. Match the column:

Question 1.

A	B
1. WPAT	(a) United Nations Organisation
2. EVM	(b) None of these
3. NOTA	(c) Voter verified paper audit trail
4. Mazdoor Kisan Shakti Sangathan	(d) Electronic Voting Machine
5. Child Rights Agreement	(e) Right to information

Answer:

A	B
1. WPAT	(c) Voter verified paper audit trail
2. EVM	(d) Electronic Voting Machine
3. NOTA	(b) None of these
4. Mazdoor Kisan Shakti Sangathan	(e) Right to information
5. Child Rights Agreement	(a) United Nations Organisation

III. Very Short Answer Type Questions :

Question 1.
What is a sweep program?
Answer:
To train voters, citizens and electors about the election process and to increase their participation, a versatile program run by the Election Department is called sweep.

It has two main objectives:

Ethical voting (fair and ethical voting) and
Informed voting (voting with awareness)

Question 2.
Tell us about child rights.
Answer:
Child rights are based on four basic principles. These are

Right to life,
Right to safety,
Right to development and
Right to participation.

Question 3.
When was the State Women’s Commission formed?
Answer:
The State Women’s Commission was formed on 15 May, 1999.

IV. Short Answer Type Questions :

Question 1.
Briefly describe the Bhoodan Movement
Answer:
Bhoodan Movement:
On 18 April 1951, a piece of land was donated in a small village of Pochampally in Telangana. This was the beginning of the Bhoodan Movement. The aim of this movement was to promote the ownership of fertile land by removing the inequality of land ownership. Under this movement, Vinoba Bhave was urging landowners to donate one-sixth of their total land. People throughout the country supported this movement. A meaningful effort was made to remove the anomaly of ownership by distributing the donated land among the landless.

The success of Bhoodan:

Vinoba Bhave’s Bhoodan appeal became meaningful. After doing padyatras across the country, he accepted the donation of lakh acres of land.
He started the work of distributing about one third of this land to deprived class and tribal landless people. On Vmoba’s appeal, Bhoodan was started in Nagaur district of Rajasthan and the State Government also passed the Milage Donation Act, 1971.

Question 2.
Name the social reformers who contributed for social reform.
Answer:
In modem India, Raja Ram Mohan Roy, Jyotiba Phule, Rama Swami Naicker, Mahatma
Gandhi also tried to remove caste discrimination and equality. In Rajasthan, before independence, social reformers like Dayanand Saraswati, Govind Guru, Mama Baleshwar, Haribhau Upadhyay etc. contributed for social reform.

Question 3.
Explain Cyber Security measures.
Answer:
Measures of Cyber Security:

For cyber security, we should change our password and ATM PIN from time to time and do not tell anyone.
Use the latest antivirus software in your computer and laptop.
Do not give personal information over phone or email to anyone.
Report the fraud related to ATM and bank accounts immediately to the concerned bank.
In case of cybercrime, citizens can lodge complaints online on the National Cyber Crime Reporting Portal.

Objective Type Questions :

Question 1.
Which Article of the Constitution has declared untouchability a punishable offense?
(a) Article 14
(b) Article 15
(c) Article 16
(d) Article 17
Answer:
(d) Article 17

Question 2.
The state government constituted Rajasthan State Women’s Commission on-
(a) 15 May, 1999
(b) 8 April, 1971
(c) 8 March, 2018
(d) 1 April, 2011
Answer:
(a) 15 May, 1999

Question 3.
‘Beti Bachao Beti Padhao’ yojana is implemented in Rajasthan since-
(a) 2015
(b) 2016
(c) 2017
(d) 2018
Answer:
(a) 2015

Question 4.
Women empowerment is related to:
(a) Beti Bachao, Beti Padhao Yojana
(b) Dowry Prohibition Act
(c) Hindu Succession and Protection Act
(d) All of the above
Answer:
(d) All of the above

Question 5.
The Government of India passed the ‘Right to Information Act’ in the year
(a) 2000
(b) 2005
(c) 2009
(d) 2010
Answer:
(b) 2005

Question 6.
In Rajasthan, the rule of ‘Rajasthan Free and Compulsory Child Education’ came into force on
(a) 1 April, 2010
(b) 1 April, 2011
(c) 1 April, 2009
(d) 1 April, 2008
Answer:
(b) 1 April, 2011

Fill in the blanks :

Question 1.
___________ the main founder of the ‘Mazdoor Kisan Shakti Sangathan’, gave direction to the struggle for the Right to Information Act.
Answer:
Aruna Roy

Question 2.
On 20 November 1989, the ___________ Agreement was passed by the General Assembly of the United Nations.
Answer:
Juvenile Crime

Question 3.
For cyber security, ___________ your password or ATM PIN from time to time and do not tell anyone.
Answer:
change

Question 4.
To make every citizen realize that his vote is important for the country, a ___________ campaign was conducted.
Answer:
Sweep

Question 5.
NOTA means ___________
Answer:
None of the above.

Very Short Answer type Questions :

Question 1.
Name any two efforts made by the Government of Rajasthan for social equality and harmony.
Answer:

Right to education
Right to information.

Question 2.
Mention any two acts implemented by the Rajasthan government for land reforms.
Answer:

Rajasthan Tenancy Act, 1955,
Rajasthan Land Revenue Act, 1956

Question 3.
Which department in Rajasthan performs welfare functions of various sections?
Answer:
Social Justice and Empowerment Department.

Question 4.
‘You can tell the condition of that nation by looking at the status of women in any nation.’ Whose statement was this?
Answer:
The statement was of Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru.

Question 5.
What was the female literacy rate in Rajasthan in 1951?
Answer:
In 1951, the female literacy rate in Rajasthan was 2.51 %.

Question 6.
When did Rajasthan government set up Rajasthan Women’s Commission?
Answer:
The Government of Rajasthan formed the Rajasthan State Commission for women on 15 May, 1999.

Question 7.
Which scheme is being operated for adolescent girls who are not going to school in the age group of 11 to 18 years or leaving school in between?
Answer:
Rajiv Gandhi Scheme for Empowerment of adolescent Girls (RGSEAG) – Sabla.

Question 8.
Keeping in mind the declining child sex ratio across the country in 2015, which scheme was launched to increase the child sex ratio?
Answer:
Beti Bachao, Beti Padhao Yojana.

Question 9.
What does the ‘NOTA’ button in EVM ensure?
Answer:
The voter’decides the vote by pressing the last NOTA button if any of the candidates standing in the election is not considered suitable.

Question 10.
What is the full form of WPAT?
Answer:
The full name of WPAT is Voter Variable Paper Audit Trial.

Short Answer Type Question :

Question 1.
What efforts have been made by the Government of Rajasthan for social equality and harmony?
Answer:
Rajasthan Government has made the following efforts for social equality and harmony:

Removal of untouchability
Protective measures
Reservation for deprived and economically weaker sections
Efforts for women education and empowerment
Child rights
Right to education
Right to Information
Rajasthan Public Relations Portal
Free facility to register and receive complaints via phone at Citizen’s call center
To make the election process more transparent and fair and to make citizens aware of their rights.

Question 2.
Write a brief comment on the abolition of untouchability.
Answer:
Abolition of untouchability: Article 17 of the constitution declared untouchability to be a punishable offense. For the abolition of untouchability, the Government of India enacted the Protection of Civil Rights Act, 1955. In this act punishment is prescribed for preaching and practice of Untouchability for the enforcement of any disability arising therefrom and for matters connected therewith.

To implement the Untouchability Act, 1955 effectively, the Rajasthan government also enforced the Scheduled Castes and Tribes (Prevention of Atrocities) Act, 1989 effectively. In Rajasthan, ‘Social Justice and Empowerment Department’ mainly works for the welfare of education, socio-economic development, scheduled castes, tribes, economic backward classes, other backward classes, women, children etc.

Question 3.
Write a brief note on the voting process.
Answer:

Preparation of voting process: In voting process Scheduling of polling stations, publishing of voter list, making list of candidates, preparing EVM machine for election etc. works are involved.
Formation of voting group: A polling party is formed by the District Election Officer for each polling station. The polling party consists of a presiding officer and other voting officers.
Voting by voters: As soon as the voter enters the polling station his name is matched to the voter’s list. After this, indelible ink is applied to the finger (index finger) of the voter’s left hand. After his signature in the voter register, voter enters the voting cabin to cast a vote on the EVM machine. There the voter secretly presses button of EVM machine. This is how the voting process is completed.
Counting of votes and declaration of result: In the presence of the candidate or his representative the concerned Returning Officer counts the votes of EVM machine and announces the result.

Question 4.
Write a brief note on WPAT.
Answer:
WPAT: Full name of WPAT is Voter-Verified Paper Audit Trial. This is a printer device. This is connected to ballot unit and control unit of EVM. After voting, a ballot slip is printed by the printer, on which the candidate’s serial number, name and election symbol are printed. This slip is visible to the voter in a transparent box for 7 seconds, after which the slip goes into the printer’s drop box. The sound of a beep is heard. In this way the voting process get completed.

This allows the voter to know whether the candidate he has voted has got the vote or not. Its use has increased fairness and credibility in the election process. In the event of a dispute in counting of votes, the help of these slips can be taken.

Question 5.
How did Rajasthan become the first state to enact the flight to Information Act?
Answer:
In Dev Dungri village of Bhim tehsil of Rajsamand district of Rajasthan, labourers and farmers struggled to get copies of government records related to their wages, such as attendance and payment register. On the basis of this demand, Rajasthan became the first state to enact the Right to Information Act in 2000.

Question 6.
Write a brief note on the Right to Information Act, 2005.
Answer:
Right to Information Act, 2005: In 2000, the Rajasthan government first enacted the ‘Right to Information Act’. Gradually, the struggle for right to information took nation-wide form and became nationwide. The Mazdoor Kisan Shakti Sangathan played an important role in this struggle. Aruna Roy, the main founder and social activist of this organization, gave direction to the struggle for the right to information by organizing the people of the lower section of the society. Accepting public sentiment, the Government of India enacted the ‘Right to Information Act 2005’. This law proved to be a powerful step to increase public participation and transparency at the government level. Through this step, the common person can get information from the government or any government department.

Question 7.
Explain the main provisions of the Right to Free and Compulsory Child Education Act.
Answer:
The Rajasthan Government enacted the ‘Rajasthan Free and Compulsory Child Education’ Act in 2010, which came into force from 1 April 2011.

Following are the major provisions of this Act

This Act provides for free and compulsory elementary education (classes 1 to 8) to children between die ages of 6 to 14, so that no child is denied education.
Under this Act, a child can enter the prescribed class at any time according to his age.
In private schools, 25 percent seats are reserved for the children of weaker and backward classes, instead of which the fixed amount is given by the government to private schools.

Question 8.
What are the actions of the Rajasthan government in the direction of child protection?
Answer:
Following are the actions of the Rajasthan government for child protection—

The State Commission for Protection of Child Rights and the Rajasthan State Child Protection Committee work for community level execution and awareness of child protection issues.
A 24-hour free emergency access service 1098 (Toll Free Telephone Service) is been started in the state for children suffering from difficulties, neglected, abandoned or those who need care and protection.
The state government is making efforts to eradicate and improve the challenges of child protection in Rajasthan such as child marriage, female feticide, female education, child sex ratio, child labor, malnutrition etc.

Question 9.
Briefly explain the land reforms.
Answer:
Land reforms: At the time of the merger with the Union of India, about 75 percent of the population of Rajasthan was engaged in agricultural work. More than half of the land of Rajasthan was dry and deserted. The major problem of the state was related to land reforms. For this, a revenue board was established for ill the integrated princely states of Rajasthan. Land disputes are very complex. Therefore, the peace and order of the state, especially the rural areas, is associated with them.

The revenue board was given the responsibility to provide cheap, speedy and accessible justice to those trapped in the disputes and the Rajasthan Government has implemented the Rajasthan Tenancy Act, 1955 and the Rajasthan Land Revenue Act, 1956 for land reforms.

Long Answer Type Question :

Question 1.
Describe the major efforts taken by Rajasthan Government for women’s empowerment.
Answer:
The efforts of the Government of Rajasthan for women’s empowerment have been discussed under the following points:
1. State women’s commission:
The state government constituted the Rajasthan Women’s Commission on 15 May 1999. This commission takes action on the basis of direct hearing from the public and complaint and cognizance of the news published in newspapers. The state women’s commission consists of a chairman and three members. The term of the Speaker is 3 years. This Commission takes effective steps with a view to check unfair treatment of women, remove discrimination against women in the State Public Services and improve the condition of women.

2. Women’s Self Help Group Program:
This program is being run to give employment to women and to make them financially independent. In this, 10 to 20 women make their own decisions and form groups. Through their small savings, they develop self-reliance and move on the path of self-employment.
The govemmept provides an opportunity to sell the products manufactured by these groups.

3. Women Domestic Violence (Prevention) Act, 2005:
The Act has been enacted by the Government of India for the purpose of providing protection and immediate relief to women from domestic violence. Domestic violence is comprehensively defined in this Act.

4. Rajeev Gandhi Scheme for Empowerment of Adolescent Girls (Sabla):
Under this, scheme, efforts are made to improve the status of nutrition and health, literacy, skill development and better understanding on social issues in adolescent girls.
This scheme is being conducted for adolescent girls who are not going to school or left the school in the age group of 11 to 18 years.

5. Beti Bachao, Beti Padhao:
It was started in the year 2015 keeping in mind the declining child sex ratio across the country. Its objectives was preventing female feticide, increasing the number of girls in the school, reducing the number of girls leaving schools, implementing the right to education rules and increasing the construction of toilets for girls.

6. Other law:
There is also some other laws exist for women empowerment. They are:
(a) Hindu Succession, Adoption and Protection Act, 1956 (Amendment 2005)
(b) Dowry Prohibition Act, 1961
(c) The Child Marriage Prohibition Act, 1925 (Amendment 1986, 2006)

Question 2.
What do you understand by cyber security? While mentioning the types of cyber security attacks mention the measures for cyber security.
Answer:
Meaning of cyber security: Cyber security is a type of security that is used for Internet-connected systems. In this, computer experts and IT trained people work to protect hardware, software and data from cybercrime.

Types of cyber security attacks are following:
1. Ransomware: It is a type of virus that causes damage to files by criminals attacking people’s computers and systems. The criminal then demands the ransom/bribe from the computer or system owner to leaves his system.

2. Malware: It damages any file or program of the computer, such as computer viruses, worms, Trojans, etc.

3. Cyber fraud: In this, people are tricked info trap by means of conversation, so that information about their personal data, password etc. can be obtained. Examples of fishing and spoofing are”
(a) Fishing: lids is a kind of fraud in which fake e-mails are sent to people in the name of reputed or trusted institutions, so that they feel that this mail has come from a good organization. The purpose of such mail is to steal the necessary data.
(b) Spoofing: In this, a fraudster tries to obtain the identity or personal information of someone else by pretending to be a legitimate business, neighbor or trust worthy person.

Following is the cyber security measures:

To avoid cybercrime one must change password or ATM pin from time to time and do not tell anyone.
Use the latest version of antivirus or software in your computer or laptop.
Do not disclose your personal details over the phone or e-mail to anyone.
Immediately inform to the bank in the case of ATM and bank account related fraud.
In case of cybercrime, citizens can register online complaints on the National Cybercrime Reporting Portal.

Our Rajasthan Class 8 Textbook Questions and Answers