I. Write the correct answers to the following questions in brackets :
Question 1.
Which of the following pairs is not correctly matched?
| Temple | Place |
| (a) Dilwara Jain Temple | Mount Abu (Sirohi) |
| (b) Ranakpur Jain Temple | Pali |
| (c) Shree Eklingji Temple | Jaipur |
| (d) Khatushyam Temple | Sikar |
Answer:
| Temple | Place |
| (c) Shree Eklingji Temple | Jaipur |
Question 2.
The highest part of which of the following fort is called Katargarh?
(a) Amer Fort
(b) Kumbhalgarh Fort
(c) Ranthamboit Fort
(d) Jalore Fort
Answer:
(b) Kumbhalgarh Fort
II. Fill in the blanks :
Question 1.
The Chhatri of ____________ pillars in Bundi is an important example of architecture.
Answer:
84
Question 2.
Bani-Thani painting style is the famous style of ____________
Answer:
Kishangarh
III. Very Short Answer Type Questions :
Question 1.
From which period did the development of temples begin?
Answer:
The development of temples started from the Gupta period.
Question 2.
Where was the Moosi Maharani’s Chhatri located?
Answer:
Moosi Maharani’s Chhatri was located in Alwar.
Question 3.
Who built the Vijay Stambh?
Answer:
Vijay Stambh was built by Maharana Kumbha.
IV. Short Answer Type Questions :
Question 1.
Name the major forts of Rajasthan and describe any two forts.
Answer:
Major Forts of Rajasthan:
The main forts of Rajasthan are-
1. Bundi Fort: TheBundi fort was built by Rao Bar Singh in 1354 AD on the hill of the northern end of Bundi city. A strong wall is built around the fort.ChhatrasalMahal, Yantralaya, Badal Mahal, AnirudhMahal are built in it.The architecture of the chhatris of the buildings, the ornate pillars of the Durbar Hall is unique.
2. Lohagarh Fort: This fort was built by Maharaja Suraj Mai of the Jat dynasty of Bharatpur. It has a double rampart built around it, so it is also called fort of soil. There were many attacks on it, but no one could win it. Therefore, it is also called invincible fort.
Question 2.
Write a comment on the art of music in Rajasthan.
Answer:
Music art in Rajasthan: Music has been prevalent in Rajasthan since ancient times. During the war, the atmosphere was stirred by the roaring of the sounds and musical instruments. of encouraging music. Here, along with music with varied colours, Mand Raga with makeup is also notable.
The rulers of this place have always respected musicians and singing. Here, devotees also practised and broadcast various ragas of music, in which the names of Mirabai, Dadu, Charandas, Dayabai, Sahajobai were special.Various musical houses have also developed in Rajasthan. Rites, festivals, awakening of Gods and Goddesses are performed in the folk music among the masses and matrimonial songs are also sung.
Objective type Questions :
Question 1.
The fort built by Maharaja Suraj mal of the Jat dynasty of Bharatpur is-
(a) Lohagarh Fort
(b) Mehrangarh Fort
(c) Sonãrgarh Fort
(d) Gagron Fort
Answer:
(a) Lohagarh Fort
Question 2.
Which fort was built by the Parmara kings Dharavarsha and Munj in the 10th century?
(a) Ranthanthore Fort
(b) Jabre Fort
(c) Chittorgarh Fort
(d) Bundi Fort
Answer:
(b) Jabre Fort
Question 3.
Abhaiieri Temple is located in-
(a) Jaipur
(b) Sikar
(c) Dausa
(d) Kota
Answer:
(c) Dausa
Question 4.
Gopal Singh’s Chhatri is located in-
(a) Alwar
(b) Bundi
(c) Ramgarh
(d) Karauli
Answer:
(d) Karauli
Question 5.
Which of the following colours has been specially used in Bikaner’s paintings?
(a) Green colour
(b) Yellow colour
(c) Red colour
(d) Blue colour
Answer:
(b) Yellow colour
Question 6.
In which painting style of Rajasthan, Kadamb tree is found more in the background of paintings?
(a) In Udaipur Style
(b) In Kishangarh Style
(c) In Kota-Bundi Style
(d) In Jaipur-Alwar Style
Answer:
(a) In Udaipur Style
Fill in the Blanks :
Question 1.
_______ were often built strategically and for safety.
Answer:
Forts
Question 2.
There were many attacks on Lohagarh fort but no one could win it. Hence it is also called the _______ fort.
Answer:
Invincible
Question 3.
Ranthambore fort was built by the _______ dynasty rulers.
Answer:
Chauhan
Question 4.
The Vijay Stambh of Chittorgarh fort is also called the _______ of Indian sculpture.
Answer:
Dictionary
Question 5.
_______ was bom in Katargarh of Kumbhalgarh fort.
Answer:
MaharanaPratap
Question 6.
The JalDurg of _______ is located at the confluence of two rivers Kali Sindh and Aahu River.
Answer:
Gagron
Very Short Answer Type Questions :
Question 1.
Write the names of the four major temples of Marwar.
Answer:
The main temples of Marwar are
Question 2.
Write the names of two major temples of Shekhawati-Jaipur.
Answer:
Question 3.
Who has recognised the Molela sculpture globally?
Answer:
The potters of Molela village in Rajsamand district have recognised Molela sculpture globally.
Question 4.
What is the art of making clay idols cooked in fire?
Answer:
Terracotta is the art of cooking clay idols in fire.
Question 5.
What is the meaning of Chhatris and Deval?
Answer:
The memorials built by the rulers of Rajasthan, the feudatories, the superior class, etc. in the memory of their ancestors are known as Chhatris or Deval.
Question 6.
Write the names of any four styles of Rajasthani painting.
Answer:
Question 7.
Where were the villages settled, keeping in mind the safety and utility of life?
Answer:
The Villages were often settled in rivers, ponds and hills or between them, keeping in mind the safety and utility of living.
Question 8.
Where were the forts built in terms of security?
Answer:
For safety, the forts were built on high hills, on the banks of deep rivers or in the plains.
Question 9.
Where is Chittorgarh Fort located?
Answer:
Chittorgarh fort is situated on the Matsyakar hill, which is surrounded by two strong ramparts.
Question 10.
Who built the newly converted fort of Kumbhalgarh and when?
Answer:
The newly converted fort of Kumbhalgarh was built by MaharanaKumbha in 1458 AD under the leadership of his famous craft Sutradhar Mandan.
Question 11.
Write tlje names of the two major temples of Mewar.
Answer:
These are the two major temples of Mewar
Short Answer Type Questions :
Question 1.
Write a short comment on the village and city.
Answer:
Village:
Villages were settled near the rivers, ponds <?r hills so that the purpose of safety and the required source for life can be achieved. The houses in the villages were Kutcha or temporary houses covered with banana leaves or hay. Rich people had pattashalas, dhaliyas, shed for cattle and granaries etc.
City:
The settlement of the city was well planned. Towns like Nagda, Chirwa, Kalyanpur etc. were settled in a place surrounded by valleys, hills or forest. The temple, palace, buildings, perkota, reservoir, roads were arranged in the city, such as Dilwara etc. Among the cities settled for safety, Amer, Bundi, Ajmer, Udaipur, Jaisalmer and Kumbhalgarh etc. are notable.
Question 2.
Write a short comment on the fort.
Answer:
Fort:
Question 3.
Write short notes on the following:
(a) Ranthambore Fort
Answer:
Ranthambore Fort:
Inaccessible and impregnable fort of Ranthambore fort is located on the summit of high hill. This fort was built by the Chauhan dynasty rulers. In this fort, Naulakha Darwaza, HammirMahal, Chhatri of 32 pillars, etc. are the major historical places. The famous temple of Trinetra Ganesh is located in this fort. Presently, this fort and its adjoining forest area comes under ‘Ranthambore Tiger Project’ therefore special attention is being given to its restoration, conservation and safety.
(b) Jalore Fort
Answer:
Jalore Fort:
Jalore Fort, a symbol of the valour of Sonagara Chauhan in western Rajasthan, is famous for its antiquity and
soundness. This fort is located on the Sonagiri hill of the Western Aravalli range, this fort has four gates. It was built in the 10th century by the Parmar kings Dharavarsha and Munj. There are also wells, tanks, temples and a dargah in the fort. ,
(c) Amber Fort
Answer:
Amber Fort:
The Amber fort of the Dhundar region is very safe fort. There was a special advancement in the architecture of this fort from the time of Maharaja Mansingh. The architecture here reflects a beautiful fusion of Hindu and Mughal styles. The mosaic and coloured glasses work is very attractive. A famous temple of Shila Devi was built at Ganesh Gate, the entrance of the fort.
(d) Gagron Fort
Answer:
Gagron Fort:
Jal durg of Gagron is the famous Jal durg in Rajasthan, which is located in Jhalawar district. This fort is situated at the confluence pf two rivers Kali Sindh and Ahu River.
Question 4.
What is known as temple? Since when and by whom has the construction of temples been started in Rajasthan?
Answer:
Temple:
Goddesses are established in the temple. They are constructed according to the rules of the Shilpashastra (science of art and craft).
The development of temples in Rajasthan is believed to be started from the Gupta period, which has been in the times of Gurjara-Pratihar, Guhil, Chandel, Rathore, Parmar, Solanki, Chalukya and Pala rulers.
The temples are often built from time to time with the help of kings, maharajas, queens, jagirdars, nobles, men and women.
Question 5.
Mention the major temples of Rajasthan state.
Answer:
Major temples of Rajasthan are mentioned under the following points:
1. Major temples of Mewar:
Major temples of Mewar are:
2. Major temples of Marwar:
Major temples of Marwar are:
3. Major temples of Hadoti:
MajorMajor temples of Hadoti are:
4. Major temples of Shekhwati-Jaipur:
Abhaneri Temple (DausaX Khatushyam Temple (Seekar) and Govindevji Temple (Jaipur) etc.
Question 6.
Write a comment on the Molela sculpture.
Answer:
Molela Sculpture:
The Molela art is recongnised globally because of the efforts made by potters of Rajsamand district. They make the mud idols of folk deities and animals such as Shiva-Parvati, Panihari, Bhairauji, elephant, Ganesha, camel, horse, puppet, Hanuman, parrot, bird, peacock, flute, lion, crocodile, rodent, etc. They are famous as Molela sculpture. Art of cooking clay idols in fire is called Terracotta.
Long Answer Type Question :
Question 1.
Write comments on the following.
(A) Chittorgarh Fort
(B) Kumbhalgarh Fort
Answer:
(A) Chittorgarh Fort:
After the fall of Madhyamika Nagari, the foundation! of Chittorgarh fort was laid in the 7th century on Chitrakoot hill. Over time, it was developed and expanded from time to time by the Pratihara, Chalukya, Parmar and Sisodia rulers. The architectural work of the different rulers can be seen who has controlled this fort.
(B) Kumbhalgarh Fort: Kumbhalgarh fort is discussed under the following points-
1. Location of fort: The fort of Kumbhalgarh is made up of small and big hills and is not easily visible due to being surrounded by valleys and rugged forests. This is the safest fort. It is also called Kumbhalmer.
2. Rebuilding the fort: It has been rebuilt on the ancient remains of the fort. The latest change was made by RanaKumbha. He built it in 1458 AD under the leadership of his famous craftsman Sutradhar Mandan.
3. Architecture of fort:
(a) Fort has nine fortified gates and it has surrounded by walls which is very strong.
(b) There are deep trenches and pillars under the walls which make it more inaccessible.
(c) The architectural features built on flat land in the fort are unique, such as the temple of NeelkanthMahadev, many jain temples along with Yajnavedi, Jhaliwab (Baoli), Kund of Mamadeva (Mahadeo), Vishnu temple named as Kumbhaswamy ,Raimal’s son Prithviraj’s memorial etc.
(d) The highest part of the fort is called Katargarh, where MaharanaPratap was bom. This fort has been of great importance from the border and strategic point of view.
Question 2.
Write an article on sculpture in Rajasthan.
Answer:
Sculpture in Rajasthan:
Gupta Era Sculpture: Rajasthan was also influenced by tradition. In Rajasthan, along with Vaishnayism, Shaivism, Shakta etc. Jainism also got state patronage. Therefore their temples and sculptures were made.
(A) Types of sculptures:
(B) Importance of sculpture:
The main features in sculptures of this era are costume, jewelry, hairstyle which has engraved in different postures.
Question 3.
Highlight the characteristics of Rajasthan’s painting.
Answer:
Development of Rajasthan’s painting: The painting tradition of Mewar in Rajasthan has been going on for centuries. In order of the tradition of drawing on paper, the ‘Supasnah Charitram’ text depicted in Delwara during Mokal is particularly notable. This art was confined to the courts of kings, but with the fall of the Sultanates, the painters moved here and there to attain state protection. The Rajasthani rulers then granted them the patronage. Mughal painters, working with local artists and paintings traditional, invented a new style of painting which developed as an independent style due to local features.
Various picture styles:
Painting developed in various princely states became a style due to its local characteristics. These different styles can be identified in terms of color, background, different animals and birds etc.
1. Features of Jaipur – Alwar Painting: Main features of these paintings are: Special use of green color, more of peepal or banyan trees are found in the background of paintings
peacocks and horses are found.
2. Features of Udaipur Painting: In the style of Udaipur paintings, red color is especially used and Kadamba trees are found more in the background of paintings. Elephants and Chakorbirds are more depicted in the Udaipur style.
3. Features of Kishangarh Paintings: White and pink colour has been used in Kishangarh painting style. The banana plant is depicted more in the background of the paintings.
4. Features of Kota-Bundi Paintings: Special use of blue-golden colors has been done in Kota-Bundi style painting. The tall date palm trees are depicted more in the background of the paintings.
5. ther Features:
(a) The shape of men and women are also different in different styles of paintings.
(b) The influence of the mughal painting can be seen in the painting style of Amer (Jaipur), Jodhpur and Bikaner. Along with paintings of hunting, entertainment activities and festivals, pictures related to natural, daily life, customs and traditions were also made.
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